Category: Network

Control cabinets and office racks both look like boxes full of LAN ports. On the plant floor, mixing up the switch that forwards by MAC inside one subnet with the router that rebuilds frames by IP at the boundary can shake cyclic traffic or mix broadcasts. This article sorts L2…

What halves when /24 becomes /25 is the host address count, not the cables. CIDR versus subnet mask, cameras on the same plant LAN as a PLC, and how to size a split — with two figures and the CIDR tool.

“The office network crawls every Monday morning” ― “everything slows down the moment I connect to the VPN” ― a slow company network has a cast of usual suspects, each defined by whether bandwidth, latency, or loss is the thing that’s clogged. This article maps the classic bottlenecks ― DNS,…

A comprehensive comparison of industrial communication protocols — EtherCAT, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, Modbus, CAN/CANopen, and OPC UA. Covers strengths, weaknesses, use cases, and selection criteria from a practical engineering perspective, spanning fieldbus to Industrial Ethernet and information integration.